(Ⅰ) Heating modes

1. Traditional heating modes: coal, fuel, gas-burning boiler
2. Electric heating modes: electric heater, electric ground heating cable, electric heating film

(Ⅱ) Installation

wall
floor
ceiling

(Ⅲ) Heating modes

1. Concentrated heating——governmental heating system
2. Community self-built boiler
3. Home self-heating

Electric heating film and the heating system

What is electric heating film?
What is electric film heating system?
Principle of electric film heating
Types, models, installation and merits & faults of Zhonghui products

(Ⅰ) What is electric heating film?

Electric heating film is a kind of semitransparent polyester film that can give out heat when electrified. It is a heating element that can be made of special printing ink and metallic current-carrying pieces which are printed and hot pressed between two layers of insulating polyester films.

There are various kinds electric heating films in today’s market, which could be divided into two types in terms of production type: One is printing ink type, which has production in USA, England, Finland, Israel abroad and Jiangsu province, Heilongjiang province at home. The other is the metallic type, which has production in France, Germany abroad and Liaoning provinceat home. From the angle of production technique, the former has relatively stable performance property, and its power density and surface temperature are in accordance with our country’s relative requirements on construction. It is more comfortable.

(Ⅱ) What is electric film heating system?

The main elements of electric film heating system are the electric heating film and thermostat. The electrical heating film is made up of two polyester films, between which many special conductive ink thread (resistance thread) are pressed through hot pressure. Then the ink threads are parallelly connected and drawn out with two white metallic current-carrying pieces. The electric heating film is to be laid along the ceiling, wall or under the floor, connected to the lead by the connecting card, connected to the thermostat on the wall by insulated lead. With the thermostat, you can control the power to regulate room temperature freely.

The thermostat is an automatic temperature controller fixed beside light switch. It is fixed in the hidden 86 junction box. There is a temperature sensor with scales for free temperature control. Some thermostats have also digital programs, which can control temperature according to different time periods. It divides a day into 6 periods, automatically controls the room temperature, circulates every 7 days. When you go out for a long period, you can set a anti-freezing low temperature of 6℃ for 0~99 days. You can make it increase to a comfortable temperature just before you come back. Some thermostats have the function of remote control by phone.

(Ⅲ) heating principle of the electric heating film

The low-temperature radiant electric film heating system is made up of special conductive ink and metallic alloy current-carrying pieces through advanced printing technique and complex combination of PEC polyester films The parameters are 420×315mm, 0.24 mm thick with single-piece power of 20 W. The film gives out heat in form of infrared when electrified. The surrounding objects (wall, floor, furniture) first absorb the infrared and warm up, and then they radiate energy to equably warm the room, which can avoid the shortcomings of dryness, stuffiness of traditional heating modes. The balanced temperature gives you a warm feeling of the spring sun in cold winter. The electricity-heat conversion efficiency is up to 99.28%.

(Ⅳ) Types, installation and use of Zhonghui products

1. Zhonghui brands: electric heating film——Nuanxin and Zhonghui, radiate panel——Boyu
2. Types of Zhonghui products: Ceiling film, wall film, floor film
3. Models and specifications of Zhonghui products
4. Zhonghui satellite products: thermostat, connecting card and so on
5. Installation of Zhonghui products:

(1) Calculational method of heat load:
Calculational formula of the electric heating film number to be installed:
N＝（1＋K）P／Pm
where(here):
K- - installation coefficient
       k=0.2--0.4
P - - calculated value of indoor film heat load,W
Pm - - rated power of each film,W
N - - number of the films,the nearest integer above is adopted for a decimal.
The installation coefficient should be chosen according to the specific room conditions, for example: different installation coefficients should be chosen for gable, ceiling, floor and so on.

(2) Installation sites:
ceiling
wall
floor : specifications and installation of zhonghui floor films, (video is available, vcd)

6. Installation warning and instruction of zhonghui electrical film heating system

(Ⅴ) Merits and faults
Merits:Advantages from science and technology——benefiting both the county and the people
The development of science and technology drives human civilization forward and serves human life. Zhonghui electric heating film is not only a simple product, but also endowed more social significance from the angle of human sustained development.

1. For the country:
(1) Energy-saving: it does not use coal as energy source which is not reproductive, while electricity have many sources: beside thermal electricity, there are hydropower, wind-generated electricity, nuclear electricity and so on.
(2) Water-saving: water resource is lacking, and traditional boiler heating consumes large quantities of water, while electric heating film does not need any water.
(3) Environment-friendly:
Traditional coal and fuel boiler heating discharges a lot of smog and powder, which pollutes the air and destroy human body’s health, While electric heating film has no such harm.

2. For real estate developers:
(1) Low cost: No boiler rooms are needed and so the occupation of boiler rooms can be used to make grass area.
(2) Fashionable sales points: It creates modern homes, satisfies individual demand. And many advantages can create new sales points for housing construction.
(3) Convenient payment: Payment in form of purchasing electricity for heating can solve the problem of heating charge collection, and the management becomes simpler.
(4) Safe and no repair needed: its service life is up to 50 years, and almost no repair is needed saving large amount of manpower, material resources and money.
(5) Simple Installation: The material of the electric heating film is light, which greatly reduces freight fare. Its construction is simple and not intercross with building construction.

3. For house buyer/resident:
(1) Safe: safe electricity consumption in low temperature, waterproof and dampproof, sunshine-like radiation, no harm to human body.
(2) Effect: Compared with traditional water heating system, it would give you sunshine-like comfortable warmth not stifling and not dry. Giving the same comfortable feeling, the room temperature of radiant heating can be lower by 2～3℃ than convection heating, that is, the body-felt temperature is raised (if body-felt temperature needs to reach 18℃, the room temperature can be set at about 15～16℃.) Thus heating load and cost can be reduced. Just like standing in sun outdoors in winter, we still feel warm while the air temperature is maybe below zero. Also like parking car outside in summer, we could get 40℃ air in the car though it is only about 32℃ outside. So It is obvious that body-felt temperature under radiation is higher than real air temperature.
(3) Cost: Under usual conditions, the heating cost can be one third lower than that
of traditional heating mode.

4. Other advantages:
(1) It can heat rooms separately and be metered in terms of each door.
(2) The automatically controlled temperature could be regulated between 5℃——35℃ freely. It can be turn off if you are leave the room for a long time, and no fare could happen.
(3) It is not limited by the heating season, can give heating early or late. And diseases such as cold caused by seasonal suddenchange of temperature could be avoided.
(4) It takes up no room, which can increase the floorage and enhance aesthetics.
(5) Such problems as water dropping, leaking and etc. of traditional heating method can be avoided.
(6) No powder, no noise, clean and wholesome.

faults:

1. Since surface temperature of the film is relatively low, the temperature rising rate is relatively slow at thebeginning.
2. Ceiling decoration could be limited where the film is laid, and boring, nailing, and hanging thing here are not allowed.
3. Due to the accurate metering, different households in the same building and even of the same floor may have different heating fare.
4. There are relatively strict requirements on application conditions such as energy-saving wall, door & window, occupation rate and etc.

History of the development of electric heating film

Low-temperature radiation electric film heating system originates from USA. Calorique USA first got the patent for thisproduct and produced it. This product was first applied in space flight, and with the technique becoming more and more matureand costs decreasing, it has been gradually transferred into civil use, and used for building heating. So far, it has ahistory of decades of years, and in resent 20 years, it got rapid development and has application in nearly every kind ofconstruction, especially in north Europe. At present, this system has application area of hundreds of millions square meters,broadly used in civil housing, hotels and office buildings for heating, used in industrial pipes for heat preservation andanti-freezing, used in agriculture for heat preservation, used in communication for melting snow and used in military affairs.

Application of the electric heating film

Besides of the use in housing heating, it has application in many other domains:
(1) Industry
(2) Agriculture
(3) Communication
(4) Military affairs

Application conditions in construction heating

● energy-saving and heat-preserving walls
● quality of the doors and windows
● Occupation rate of new buildings
● Proper use of it
● Face direction of the house
● Installation site
● State policy on electrical power

Merits and faults of various heating methods, tendency of future heating
(I) Merits and faults of various heating methods
(II) Tendency of future heating

Electric heating will be the main heating mode in the future
○ In our country, coal smoke is the main pollution to the air, and coal consumption keeps large, for example, Beijing uses27,000,000 tons of coal each year, among which, 6,000,000 tons is used for winter heating. Its pollution to the air ofBeijing is obvious. Beijing authorities attach great importance to it and have begun to abate it in the way of changingenergy structure, practicing concentrated heating, altering the coal boiler and etc. In 2000, Beijing has completed thealteration of more than 1,500 boilers that are all more than 1 ton and used for heating the eight districts of Beijing. As aresult, 1,200,000 tons of coal can be saved and 9,000 tons of SO2 is prevented.

○ Along with the improvement of material standard of living, people raise more requirements on comfort and safety of winter heating. Differences in temperature in different houses exist under concentrated heating. Gas heating is comfortable and convenient, but, the produced SO2, suspended particles and breathable particles have certain influence on the air quality. And besides, attention concerning fire safety and explosion safety must be paid to the gas apparatus. The safety of gas boilers are not fully ensured because our such enterprises started late and not very mature in such technology, and improper installation, use and maintenance may exist, so gas boiler explosion accidents may happen sometimes.

○ After consideration on the merits and faults of various heating methods, Beijing began to vigorously promote electric heating, which has the merits of room-saving, environment-friendly, safe, reliable, and simple charging. Electric heating produces no pollution, requires less equipment, is very safe; and the dweller can adjust the temperature freely. Concerning charge, the dweller first buys IC card and then consumes electricity, and intended default can be thoroughly uprooted. The total cost of electric heating is less than that of concentrated coal boiler heating and city concentrated heating. The regulated total heating energy in Beijing is 61．8kwh/m2/heating season. If the price of IC card electricity is 0.44 Yuan/kwh, the electric heating cost is 27.19 Yuan/m2/heaqting season (if calculated at bottom electricity price, the cost can be decreased by 30%~50%, that is, 13.60~19.00 Yuan). Compared with coal boiler heating (18.00 Yuan/m2/heaqting season) and city concentrated heating (20.00~24.00 Yuan/m2/heaqting season), electric heating possesses advantages in saving energy, saving maintenance cost and overhead expenses. As our country’s electric power supply becomes relatively sufficient and electric heating possesses so many advantages, electric heating will be the tendency for city heating.

○ In addition, when no one is at home, a on-duty temperature should be set up to prevent running water pipe from been frozen broken. Five, the installation specifications of electric film heating system should be complied with: any installation action against the specifications can influence its heating effect and cause hidden danger to the safety.

○ As described above, electric heating has both merits that other heating methods don’t have and some relevant problems. We should reasonably introduce electric heating according to the economic conditions of different regions, with full consideration on local residents’ economic capability, in accordance with the specific circumstances of dwellers’ demands, technical condition, economic effect, realty management and etc.

○ Since recent years, power supply in many regions is sufficient, and the power administrations vigorously encourage electricity consumption. For example, on Sep. 1st, 2002, Beijing Economic Committee issued Beijing Preferential Policy for Electric Heating in Low Time, in which it is described that electrical heating users enjoy the electricity preference: 23:00~7:00, Nov. 1st to Mar. 31st of the next year, electricity used for heating is charged all and singular at 0.20 Yuan/kwh (the Three Gorges Construction Fund and city public utility associate charge included). And the electricity price for other period of time keeps original. The document was put into practice since Nov. 1st, 2002. With the constant improvement of electric power supply, electric energy in heating will receive a great development, and more preferential terms will come forth.